Fig. 6From: Oral probiotics increased the proportion of Treg, Tfr, and Breg cells to inhibit the inflammatory response and impede gestational diabetes mellitusQuantitative analysis for immune cells and immune molecules implicated in GDM mice in response to oral probiotics. A Treg immune cells in control pregnant mice, untreated GDM mice, and GDM mice treated with oral probiotics were detected by flow cytometry. B Breg immune cells in control pregnant mice, untreated GDM mice, and GDM mice treated with oral probiotics detected by flow cytometry. C Tfr immune cells in control pregnant mice, untreated GDM mice, and GDM mice treated with oral probiotics detected by flow cytometry. D The concentrations (ng/mL) of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, and TGF-β in the serum of control pregnant mice, untreated GDM mice, and GDM mice treated with oral probiotics measured by ELISA. E Leptin protein levels in control pregnant mice, untreated GDM mice, and GDM mice treated with oral probiotics measured by ELISA. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. n = 3Back to article page