Table 1 Upstream regulatory genes of SALL4 in GIT cancers
From: SALL4 in gastrointestinal tract cancers: upstream and downstream regulatory mechanisms
Gene | Tumor | Function in the tumor | Action on SALL4 | Mechanism | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NRBP1 | ESCC | Reduces tumorsphere formation | Degrades | Drives ubiquitination | Hwang et al. (2020); Liao et al. (2018); Wilson et al. (2012) |
THG-1 | ESCC | Promotes tumorsphere growth | Suppresses degradation | Antagonizes NRBP1 | |
MEIS1 | ESCC | Related to self-renewal | Promotes expression | Unconfirmed | Zargari et al. (2020) |
ILF2 | ESCC | Enhances stemness and tumor-initiating capacity | Promotes stabilization and expression | Facilitates nuclear mRNA export, inhibits degradation | Li et al. (2021) |
KDM6A | GC | Promotes progression | Promotes expression | H3K27me3 demethylation | Ren et al. (2023) |
EZH2 | GC | Inhibits progression | Suppresses expression | H3K27me3 methylation | Ren et al. (2023) |
YAP | GC | Induces proliferation and self-renewal, protumor effect | Promotes expression | Unconfirmed | Bie et al. (2020) |
miR-188-5p | GC | Promotes proliferation and migration | Promotes expression | Induces transcription of SALL4 | Wang et al. (2019a) |
miR-16 | GC | Inhibits proliferation and migration | Suppresses expression | Directly targets SALL4 | Jiang and Wang (2018) |
miR-3622a-3p | CRC | Exerts antioncogenic effect | Suppresses expression | Directly targets SALL4 | Chang et al. (2020) |
miR-219-5p | CRC | Inhibits survival, migration, invasion and drug resistance | Suppresses expression | Directly targets SALL4 | Cheng et al. (2015a) |
miR-508 | CRC | Blunts EMT, stemness, migration, and invasion | Suppresses expression | Directly targets SALL4 | Yan et al. (2018) |
miR-15a | HCC | Inhibits survival, migration, and invasion | Suppresses expression | Targets SALL4 in vitro | Ma et al. (2021); Zhao et al. (2019); Yin et al. (2019); Xie et al. (2021) |
miR-497 | HCC | Inhibits self-renewal, metastasis | Suppresses expression | Directly targets SALL4 | Zhao et al. (2019) |
miR-296-5p | HCC | Inhibits the stemness potency | Suppresses expression | Directly targets BRG1, which binds to the SALL4 promoter | Shi et al. (2020) |