Figure 5From: Attenuation of the Transforming Growth Factor β-Signaling Pathway in Chronic Venous UlcersAttenuation of TGFβ signaling in VU. Top, histology of healthy skin. Cartoon summarizes a simplified signaling cascade in healthy epidermis. Bottom, histology of VU. In addition to decreased levels of TGFβ, downregulation of receptors followed by subsequent loss of pSmad2 leads to deregulation of TGFβ target genes and hyperproliferative epidermis of nonhealing VU.Back to article page